Using the periodic table of the elements. or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1). Journal of Molecular Biology 1998, 275 (3), 527–537. The chemical formula for water is H2O, which means this molecule has 3 atoms: 2 of hydrogen (H) and 1 oxygen (O) atom.
(2) IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) and Nomenclature Committee of IUBMB (NC-IUBMB). Proto- and proti- would be reserved for the $\ce$ nucleus - the proton - that is most commonly interrogated, although deuterium NMR is very much possible. This basically tells us that the water molecule is composed of two elements: hydrogen and oxygen or, more precisely, two hydrogen atoms (H2) and one oxygen atom (O). Under IUPAC's nomenclature proposal, the prefixes hydro- and hydri- would be used to refer to the mixture of hydrogen isotopes that occurs in nature. IUPAC gave some attention to the issue of hydrogen nomenclature and provided guidelines: If a hydrogen atom loses its electron then it is then usually referred to as a proton, although it might be something else depending on the hydrogen isotope involved. Electrons may display a preference for some parts of a molecule, such as the regions between nuclei, so you could say they "hang out" there more. In molecules electrons are usually "shared". You make some false assumptions, for instance that in water hydrogen atoms give away their electrons and oxygen ends up with 10 electrons.
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